| 单词 | scale |
| 释义 | nounverb🔑 scaleBrE /skeɪl/ NAmE /skeɪl/ noun ➤ size 规模🔑 [sing. , U ]the size or extent of sth , especially when compared with sth else （尤指与其他事物相比较时的）规模，范围，程度◆ They entertain on a large scale (= they hold expensive parties with a lot of guests ). 他们大宴宾客。◆ Here was corruption on a grand scale . 这里的腐败现象曾十分严重。◆ On a global scale , 77% of energy is created from fossil fuels . 全球 77% 的能量产生自化石燃料。◆ to achieve economies of scale in production (= to produce many items so the cost of producing each one is reduced )生产实现规模经济◆ ~of sth It was impossible to comprehend the full scale of the disaster . 这场灾难的深重程度当时还无法充分认识。◆ It was not until morning that the sheer scale of the damage could be seen (= how great it was ). 直到早晨才看清了损害的严重程度。 ➡ see also full-scale, large-scale, small-scale➤ range of levels 等级🔑 [C ]a range of levels or numbers used for measuring sth 等级；级别◆ a five -point pay scale 五分制工资等级◆ to evaluate performance on a scale from 1 to 10 按 1 到 10 级来评估业绩 ➡ see also Richter scale, sliding scale, timescale🔑 [C , usually sing. ]the set of all the different levels of sth , from the lowest to the highest 等级体系◆ At the other end of the scale , life is a constant struggle to get enough to eat . 对于处在社会最底层的人来说，生活就是为吃饱肚子而不断挣扎的过程。◆ the social scale 社会等级体系➤ marks for measuring 衡量标度🔑 [C ]a series of marks at regular intervals on an instrument that is used for measuring 标度；刻度◆ How much does it read on the scale ? 刻度显示的是多少？➤ weighing instrument 衡器🔑 scales [pl. ] (NAmE alsoscale ) an instrument for weighing people or things 秤；磅秤；天平◆ bathroom /kitchen /weighing scales 浴室秤；厨房用秤；秤◆ (figurative ) the scales of justice (= represented as the two pans on a balance (5))法律的天平➤ of map /diagram /model 地图；图表；模型🔑 [C ]the relation between the actual size of sth and its size on a map , diagram or model that represents it 比例；比例尺◆ a scale of 1 :25 000 1:25 000 的比例◆ a scale model /drawing 按比例缩放的模型/图画◆ Both plans are drawn to the same scale . 两张平面图是按同一比例绘制的。◆ Is this diagram to scale (= are all its parts the same size and shape in relation to each other as they are in the thing represented )? 这个示意图是按比例画的吗？compass , globe , GPS , grid , key , latitude , map , navigate , reference , scale ➤ in music 音乐[C ]a series of musical notes moving upwards or downwards , with fixed intervals between each note , especially a series of eight starting on a particular note 音阶◆ the scale of C major C 大调音阶◆ to practise scales on the piano 在钢琴上练习音阶 ➡ compare keynoun (5 ) , octave➤ of fish /reptile 鱼；爬行动物[C ]any of the thin plates of hard material that cover the skin of many fish and reptiles 鳞；鳞片➤ in water pipes , etc .水管等 (BrE alsofur ) [U ]a hard greyish -white substance that is sometimes left inside water pipes and containers for heating water 水垢；水锈 ➡ see also limescale➤ on teeth 牙齿[U ]a hard substance that forms on teeth , especially when they are not cleaned regularly 牙垢；牙石 ➡ compare plaque (2 ) ● tip the ˈbalance /ˈscales (also swing the ˈbalance ) to affect the result of sth in one way rather than another 使天平倾斜；使结果倾向某方；起决定性作用◆ In an interview , smart presentation can tip the scales in your favour . 在面试中，机敏的表现是一种有利的条件。● tip the scales at sth to weigh a particular amount 重量为◆ He tipped the scales at just over 80 kilos . 他称得体重刚过 80 公斤。🔑 scaleBrE /skeɪl/ NAmE /skeɪl/ verb present simple - I / you / we / they scale BrE /skeɪl/ NAmE /skeɪl/ present simple - he / she / it scales BrE /skeɪlz/ NAmE /skeɪlz/ past simple scaled BrE /skeɪld/ NAmE /skeɪld/ past participle scaled BrE /skeɪld/ NAmE /skeɪld/ -ing form scaling BrE /ˈskeɪlɪŋ/ NAmE /ˈskeɪlɪŋ/ ➤ climb 攀登~sth (formal ) to climb to the top of sth very high and steep 攀登；到达…顶点◆ the first woman to scale the world's five highest peaks 第一位登上世界五大高峰的女性◆ (figurative ) He has scaled the heights of his profession . 他登上了他事业的顶峰。➤ fish 鱼~sth to remove the small flat hard pieces of skin from a fish 去鳞➤ teeth 牙齿~sth to remove tartar from the teeth by scraping刮除牙石◆ The dentist scaled and polished my teeth . 牙医为我刮除牙石，抛光了牙齿。➤ change size 改变大小~sth (from sth ) (to sth )(specialist ) to change the size of sth 缩放◆ Text can be scaled from 4 point to 108 point without any loss of quality . 正文可以从 4 点调到 108 点，但印刷质量丝毫不会降低。 ● ˌscale sth↔ˈdown (also ˌscale sth↔ˈback ) to reduce the number , size or extent of sth 减少（数量）；缩小（规模或范围）◆ We are thinking of scaling down our training programmes next year . 我们考虑在明年缩小培训的规模。◆ The IMF has scaled back its growth forecasts for the next decade . 国际货币基金组织已经调低了它对未来十年的增长预测。cutslash ⬥ cut sth back ⬥ scale sth back ⬥ rationalize ⬥ downsizeThese words all mean to reduce the amount or size of sth, especially of an amount of money or a business.以上各词均含减少、缩小之义，尤指削减经费、缩减生意。cutto reduce sth, especially an amount of money that is demanded, spent, earned, etc. or the size of a business指削减、缩减、裁减（尤指经费、开支、收入或生意规模）：◆The President has promised to cut taxes significantly.总统承诺大幅度减税。◆Buyers will bargain hard to cut the cost of the house they want.买主会竭力讨价还价以压低他们想买的房子的价格。◆His salary has been cut by ten per cent.他的薪金减少了百分之十。◆Could you cut your essay from 5 000 to 3 000 words?请把你的文章从 5 000 字删减至 3 000 字好吗？slash[often passive ](ratherinformal ) (often used in newspapers) to reduce sth by a large amount（常用于报章）指大幅度削减、大大降低：◆The workforce has been slashed by half.职工人数裁减了一半。cut sth back/cut back on sthto reduce sth, especially an amount of money or business指削减、缩减、裁减（尤指经费或生意）：◆We had to cut back production.我们只得减产了。scale sth back(especiallyNAmE or business商业) to reduce sth, especially an amount of money or business指削减、缩减、裁减（尤指经费或生意）：◆The IMF has scaled back its growth forecasts for the next decade.国际货币基金组织已经调低对未来十年的增长预测。rationalize(BrE , business商业) to make changes to a business or system, in order to make it more efficient, especially by spending less money指对企业或制度进行合理化改革、使合理化、使有经济效益downsize(business商业) to make a company or an organization smaller by reducing the number of jobs in it, in order to reduce costs指公司或机构精简人员以降低成本NOTE Downsize is often used by people who want to avoid saying more obvious words like 'dismiss' or 'make redundant' because they sound too negative.人们通常使用 downsize 以避免使用 dismiss 或 make redundant 等词义直白的词，因为这些词听起来过于负面。Patternsto cut/slash/cut back on/scale back/rationalize spending/productionto cut/slash/cut back on jobsto cut/slash/downsize the workforceto cut/slash/rationalize the cost of sthto cut/slash prices/taxes/the budgetto cut sth/slash sth/cut sth back drastically● ˌscale sth↔ˈup to increase the size or number of sth 增大，扩大（规模或数量） |
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