| 单词 | scratch |
| 释义 | verbnounadjective🔑 scratchBrE /skrætʃ/ NAmE /skrætʃ/ verb present simple - I / you / we / they scratch BrE /skrætʃ/ NAmE /skrætʃ/ present simple - he / she / it scratches BrE /ˈskrætʃɪz/ NAmE /ˈskrætʃɪz/ past simple scratched BrE /skrætʃt/ NAmE /skrætʃt/ past participle scratched BrE /skrætʃt/ NAmE /skrætʃt/ -ing form scratching BrE /ˈskrætʃɪŋ/ NAmE /ˈskrætʃɪŋ/ ➤ rub with your nails 用指甲挠🔑 [T , I ]to rub your skin with your nails , usually because it is itching 挠，搔（痒处）◆ ~sth /yourself John yawned and scratched his chin . 约翰打个哈欠，挠挠下巴。◆ The dog scratched itself behind the ear . 狗用爪子挠挠耳后。◆ ~ (at sth )Try not to scratch . 尽量别挠。◆ She scratched at the insect bites on her arm . 她挠了挠胳膊上虫咬的包。➤ cut skin 划破皮肤🔑 [T , I ]to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp 划破，抓破，划伤，抓伤（皮肤）◆ ~ (sb /sth /yourself )I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding . 我把腿抓出了血。◆ Does the cat scratch ? 这只猫抓人吗？◆ ~sb /sth /yourself on sth She scratched herself on a nail . 她被钉子划了一下。➤ damage surface 损坏表面🔑 [T ]~sth to damage the surface of sth , especially by accident , by making thin shallow marks on it （尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏◆ Be careful not to scratch the furniture . 小心别刮坏家具。◆ The car's paintwork is badly scratched . 车的漆面划损得很厉害。➤ make /remove mark 造成/去除痕迹🔑 [T ]~sth + adv ./prep .to make or remove a mark , etc . on sth deliberately , by rubbing it with sth hard or sharp 刮出（或刮去）痕迹；划下（或擦去）痕迹◆ They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch . 他们在泥地上划出一个球场。◆ We scratched some of the dirt away . 我们刮掉了一些脏东西。◆ (figurative ) You can scratch my name off the list . 你可以把我的名字从名单上勾掉。➤ make sound 发出声音[I ](+ adv ./prep .)to make an irritating noise by rubbing sth with sth sharp 刮（或擦、抓）出刺耳声◆ His pen scratched away on the paper . 他的笔在纸上沙沙地响。➤ a living 生计[T ]~a living to make enough money to live on , but with difficulty 勉强维持生活➤ cancel 取消[T , I ]to decide that sth cannot happen or sb /sth cannot take part in sth , before it starts 取消；撤销；退出◆ ~sb /sth to scratch a rocket launch 取消火箭发射计划◆ ~sb /sth (from sth )The horse was scratched from the race because of injury . 这匹马因伤被取消了比赛资格。◆ ~ (from sth )She had scratched because of a knee injury . 她因膝伤退出了比赛。 ● scratch your ˈhead (over sth )to think hard in order to find an answer to sth 苦苦琢磨；苦思冥想；绞尽脑汁● scratch the ˈsurface (of sth )to deal with , understand , or find out about only a small part of a subject or problem 作肤浅的探讨；浅尝辄止；隔靴搔痒● ˌyou scratch ˈmy back and ˌI'll scratch ˈyours (saying ) used to say that if sb helps you , you will help them , even if this is unfair to others 礼尚往来；私相授受 ● ˌscratch aˈbout /aˈround (for sth )to search for sth , especially with difficulty （尤指艰难地）搜寻，查寻，查找● ˌscratch sth↔ˈout to remove a word , especially a name , from sth written , usually by putting a line through it 画掉，勾掉，删除（名字等）🔑 scratchBrE /skrætʃ/ NAmE /skrætʃ/ noun ➤ mark /cut 划痕；划伤🔑 [C ]a mark , a cut or an injury made by scratching sb's skin or the surface of sth （皮肤或物体表面上的）划痕，划伤◆ Her hands were covered in scratches from the brambles . 她手上布满了荆棘划的口子。◆ a scratch on the paintwork 漆面上的一道划痕◆ It's only a scratch (= a very slight injury ). 不过是轻微的划伤。◆ He escaped without a scratch (= was not hurt at all ). 他毫发未损地逃了出去。➤ sound 声音[sing. ]the unpleasant sound of sth sharp or rough being rubbed against a surface 刮（或擦、抓）的刺耳声➤ with your nails 用指甲[sing. ]the act of scratching a part of your body when it itches 挠痒；搔痒◆ Go on , have a good scratch ! 来吧，好好挠一挠！ ● from ˈscratch without any previous preparation or knowledge 从头开始；从零开始◆ I learned German from scratch in six months . 我从零学起，六个月学会了德语。from the very beginning , not using any of the work done earlier 从头（做起）；从零开始◆ They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch . 他们决定拆掉机器，从头再来。● up to ˈscratch as good as sth /sb should be 达到要求；合乎标准SYN satisfactory◆ His work simply isn't up to scratch . 他的工作根本达不到要求。◆ It'll take months to bring the band up to scratch . 得几个月工夫才能使乐队像个样子。🔑 scratchBrE /skrætʃ/ NAmE /skrætʃ/ adjective (BrE ) put together in a hurry using whatever people or materials are available 仓促拼凑的◆ a scratch team 一支仓促组建的队伍(especially in golf尤指高尔夫球) with no handicap无让杆的；无差点的◆ a scratch player 参加无让杆比赛的球手 |
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