| 单词 | start |
| 释义 | verbnoun🔑 startBrE /stɑːt/ NAmE /stɑːrt/ verb present simple - I / you / we / they start BrE /stɑːt/ NAmE /stɑːrt/ present simple - he / she / it starts BrE /stɑːts/ NAmE /stɑːrts/ past simple started BrE /ˈstɑːtɪd/ NAmE /ˈstɑːrtɪd/ past participle started BrE /ˈstɑːtɪd/ NAmE /ˈstɑːrtɪd/ -ing form starting BrE /ˈstɑːtɪŋ/ NAmE /ˈstɑːrtɪŋ/ ➤ doing sth 做事🔑 [T , I ]to begin doing or using sth 开始，着手，动手（做或使用）◆ ~sth I start work at nine . 我每天九点开始工作。◆ He's just started a new job . 他刚刚着手一项新工作。◆ I only started (= began to read )this book yesterday . 我昨天才开始看这本书。◆ We need to start (= begin using )a new jar of coffee . 我们得新开一罐咖啡了。◆ The kids start school next week . 孩子们下星期开学。◆ ~to do sth It started to rain . 下起雨来了。◆ Mistakes were starting to creep in . 不知不觉间，开始出错了。◆ ~doing sth She started laughing . 她笑了起来。◆ ~ (on sth )It's a long story . Where shall I start ? 说来话长。我该从哪儿说起呢？◆ It's time you started on your homework . 你该做功课了。◆ Can you start (= a new job )on Monday ? 你可以星期一就来上班吗？◆ ~by doing sth Let's start by reviewing what we did last week . 我们开始先来复习一下上星期学的内容。◆ + adj .The best professional musicians start young . 卓有成就的音乐家很早就接触音乐。begin / startThere is not much difference in meaning between begin and start, though start is more common in spoken English. * begin 和 start 的含义差别不大，不过 start 较常用于口语：◆What time does the concert start/begin?音乐会什么时候开场？◆She started/began working here three months ago.她三个月前开始在这儿工作。 Begin is often used when you are describing a series of events. * begin 常用以指一系列事情的开始：◆The story begins on the island of Corfu.故事从科孚岛上开始。 Start, but not begin, can also mean 'to start a journey', 'to start something happening' or 'to start a machine working'. * start 亦含出发、使发生、使（机器）运转之义，begin 不含此义：◆We'll need to start at 7.00.我们需要在 7 点钟出发。◆Who do you think started the fire?你看是谁点的火？◆The car won't start.汽车发动不起来。You can use either an infinitive or a form with -ing after begin and start, with no difference in meaning. * begin 和 start 之后接动词不定式或 -ing 形式均可，在意义上无差别：◆I didn't start worrying/to worry until she was 2 hours late.她晚了两小时还没到，我才开始担忧起来。After the forms beginning and starting, the -ing form of the verb is not normally used. * beginning 和 starting 之后一般不用动词的 -ing 形式：◆It's starting/beginning to rain.开始下雨了。◆It's starting/beginning raining.Conversation openers打开话题What can you say when you have to speak to someone for the first time or when you have to open a meeting? Here are some possible ways of starting a conversation or getting the audience's attention before a talk or speech.与人初次交谈时打开话题，会议开始要讲话，或者演讲之前引起听众注意，可用以下方式：◆Do you mind if I sit here? 我坐在这儿可以吗？◆Hello, is this seat taken?你好，这个座位有人吗？◆May I join you? Can I get you a coffee?可以和你一起吗？我给你拿杯咖啡好吗？◆Lovely weather we're having!/Can you believe this rain/wind/cold/sunshine?多好的天气呀！/真想不到会下这么大雨/刮这么大风/这么冷/阳光这么灿烂！◆Excuse me, could I ask you a question?打扰一下，可以问您一个问题吗？◆Shall we make a start? I think it's almost three o'clock. (BrE ) 我们马上开始好吗？我看都快三点了。◆Shall we get started? I'd like to introduce our speaker. (especiallyNAmE ) 我们开始吧？我来介绍一下演讲人。◆I think everyone's here, so I'd like to welcome you to this conference.我想大家都到齐了，在此我对出席本次会议的各位表示欢迎。➤ happening 发生🔑 [I , T ]to start happening ; to make sth start happening （使）发生，开始进行◆ When does the class start ? 什么时候上课？◆ Have you any idea where the rumour started ? 你知不知道谣言是从哪儿传出来的？◆ ~sth Who started the fire ? 谁放的火？◆ Do you start the day with a good breakfast ? 你早晨起来会先好好吃一顿早饭吗？◆ You're always trying to start an argument . 你总是想挑起争论。◆ ~sb /sth doing sth The news started me thinking . 那条消息让我思考起来。startbegin ⬥ start off ⬥ kick off ⬥ commence ⬥ openThese words are all used to talk about things happening from the beginning, or people doing the first part of sth.以上各词均用以指事情开始发生或开始做某事。start to begin to happen or exist; to begin in a particular way or from a particular point指开始发生或存在、以…开始、以…为起点：◆When does the class start?什么时候上课？begin to start to happen or exist; to start in a particular way or from a particular point; to start speaking指开始发生或存在、以…开始、以…为起点、开始讲话：◆When does the concert begin?音乐会什么时候开始？start or begin?用 start 还是 begin？There is not much difference in meaning between these words. Start is more frequent in spoken English and in business contexts; begin is more frequent in written English and is often used when you are describing a series of events.上述两词在意义上无多大差别，start 较常用于口语和商业语境中，begin 较常用于书面语中，描述一系列事情：◆The story begins on the island of Corfu.故事从科孚岛开始。 Start is not used to mean 'begin speaking'. * start 不用以指开始讲话：◆'Ladies and gentlemen,' he started.start off(ratherinformal ) to start happening or doing sth; to start by doing or being sth指进行或开展起来、首先进行、一开始是：◆The discussion started off mildly enough.讨论颇为温和地开展起来。kick off(informal ) to start an event or activity, especially in a particular way; (of an event, activity, etc.) to start, especially in a particular way尤指以…开始（活动）、（活动）以…开始：◆Tom will kick off with a few comments.汤姆讲话时要先发表几点意见。◆The festival kicks off on Monday, September 13.节期从 9 月 13 日星期一开始。commence(formal ) to start happening指开始发生：◆The meeting is scheduled to commence at noon.会议定于午间召开。open to start an event or activity in a particular way; (of an event, a film/movie or a book) to start, especially in a particular way指以…开始（活动）、（活动、电影或书）以…开头/开篇：◆The story opens with a murder.故事以一宗谋杀案作序幕。Patternsto start/begin/start off/kick off/commence/open with sthto start/begin/start off/kick off/commence/open by doing sthto start/begin/start off/commence as stha campaign/season/meeting starts/begins/starts off/kicks off/commences/opensa film/movie/book starts/begins/starts off/opens➤ machine /vehicle 机器；车辆🔑 [T , I ]~ (sth )when you start a machine or a vehicle or it starts , it begins to operate 开动；发动；启动◆ Start the engines ! 发动引擎！◆ I can't get the car started . 这辆车我发动不起来。◆ The car won't start . 这辆车发动不起来。➤ existing 存在🔑 [I , T ]to begin to exist ; to make sth begin to exist （使）出现；发起；创办；开办◆ ~ (up )There are a lot of small businesses starting up in that area . 小型企业在那一地区大量涌现。◆ ~sth (up )They decided to start a catering business . 他们决定开办一家酒席承办公司。➤ journey 旅行🔑 [I ]~ (out )to begin a journey ; to leave 出发；动身；起程SYN set off, set out◆ What time are we starting tomorrow ? 我们明天什么时候出发？➤ going /walking 走[I ]+ adv ./prep .to begin to move in a particular direction 起身走向；向…而去◆ I started after her (= began to follow her )to tell her the news . 我起身朝她追去，好把消息告诉她。◆ He started for the door , but I blocked his way . 他向门口走去，但我挡住了他的去路。➤ in particular way /from place /level 方式；地方；层次🔑 [I , T ]to begin , or to begin sth such as a career , in a particular way that changed later 以…起步（或起家）；起初是◆ ~as sth She started as a secretary but ended up running the department . 她起初只是一个秘书，但最后掌管起了整个部门。◆ ~out /off (as sth )The company started out with 30 employees . 公司创立之初只有 30 名员工。◆ ~sth (as sth )He started life as a teacher before turning to journalism . 他开始当过教师，后来改行搞起了新闻。🔑 [I ]+ adv ./prep .to begin from a particular place , amount or situation （从…）开始；（由…）起◆ The trail starts just outside the town . 小径从刚出城的地方开始。◆ Hotel prices start at €50 a night for a double room . 旅馆的双人房间一宿 50 欧元起价。◆ The evening started badly when the speaker failed to turn up . 那天晚上的活动一开始挺糟糕，因为演讲者没有来。➤ move suddenly 突然一动[I ]to move suddenly and quickly because you are surprised or afraid 突然一惊SYN jump◆ The sudden noise made her start . 突如其来的声音吓了她一跳。 ● ˌdon't (you ) ˈstart (informal ) used to tell sb not to complain or be critical （制止某人抱怨或挑剔）别抱怨，别挑剔◆ Don't start ! I told you I'd be late . 别抱怨啦！我跟你说过我要迟到的。● get ˈstarted to begin doing sth （使）开始；着手；动手◆ It's nearly ten o'clock . Let's get started . 快十点了，咱们开始吧。● you , he , she , etc . ˈstarted it (informal ) you , he , she , etc . began a fight or an argument 是你（或他、她等）挑起来的◆ 'Stop fighting , you two !' 'He started it !' “你们俩，别打了！” “是他先动手的！”● ˈstart something (informal ) to cause trouble 制造麻烦；惹是生非● to ˈstart with used when you are giving the first and most important reason for sth （给出首要理由）首先，第一◆ To start with it's much too expensive… 首先是太贵…at the beginning 起初；开始时◆ The club had only six members to start with . 这家俱乐部起初仅有六名会员。◆ I'll have melon to start with . 我要先吃甜瓜。◆ She wasn't keen on the idea to start with . 她一开始并不喜欢这个主意。● aˈlarm bells ring /start ringing if you say that alarm bells are ringing , you mean that people are starting to feel worried and suspicious 警钟敲响；发出危险信号● get /set /start /keep the ball ˈrolling to make sth start happening ; to make sure that sth continues to happen 开始某事；继续某事● get /start off on the right /wrong ˈfoot (with sb )(informal ) to start a relationship well /badly 开始时关系良好/不好◆ I seem to have got off on the wrong foot with the new boss . 看来我和新老板的关系一开头就不好。 ● ˌstart ˈback to begin to return somewhere 动身（或起程）返回● ˌstart ˈoff to begin to move 开始活动；动身◆ The horse started off at a steady trot . 马稳步小跑起来。🔑 to begin happening ; to begin doing sth 进行（或开展）起来◆ The discussion started off mildly enough . 讨论颇为温和地开展起来。🔑 to begin by doing or being sth 首先进行；一开始是◆ Let's start off with some gentle exercises . 我们先来做点强度低的运动。◆ We started off by introducing ourselves . 我们一开始先自我介绍。◆ + adj .The leaves start off green but turn red later . 树叶起先是绿色，到后来会变红。◆ start off doing sth I started off working quite hard , but it didn't last . 我一开始非常勤奋，但没有坚持下去。● ˌstart sb ˈoff (on sth )[no passive ]to make sb begin doing sth 使开始（做某事）◆ What started her off on that crazy idea ? 她怎么会有那样古怪的念头呢？◆ Don't say anything to her —you'll start her off again (= make her get angry ). 什么也别跟她说，不然你又要惹她生气了。◆ start sb off doing sth Kevin started us all off laughing . 凯文把我们大家都逗笑了。to help sb begin doing sth 帮助某人开始（做某事）◆ My mother started me off on the piano when I was three . 三岁时我母亲就让我开始练钢琴了。◆ start sb off doing sth His father started him off farming . 他父亲指点他做农活儿。● ˈstart on sb [no passive ]to attack sb physically or with words （使用暴力或言语）向某人发起攻击● ˌstart ˈon at sb (about sth )● ˌstart ˈon (at sb ) about sth (informal ) to begin to complain about sth or criticize sb 开始责备（某人）；开始抱怨（某事）◆ She started on at me again about getting some new clothes . 她又就买新衣服的事情数落起我来。◆ Don't start on about him not having a job . 你不要埋怨他没工作。● ˌstart ˈout 🔑 to begin to do sth , especially in business or work 开始从事，着手（某工作）；从业◆ to start out in business 做起生意来◆ She started out on her legal career in 2001 . 她于 2001 年开始从事法律工作。to have a particular intention when you begin sth 最初想要；起先打算◆ start out to do sth I started out to write a short story , but it soon developed into a novel . 我起先打算写一篇短篇小说，但很快就写成了长篇小说。● ˌstart ˈover (especiallyNAmE ) to begin again 重新开始◆ She wasn't happy with our work and made us start over . 她对我们干的活儿不满意，要我们返工。● ˌstart ˈup 🔑 ● ˌstart sth↔ˈup 🔑 to begin working , happening , etc .; to make sth do this （使）启动，发动，开始◆ I heard his car start up . 我听见他的汽车发动了。◆ Start up the engines ! 发动引擎！ ➡ see also start-up🔑 startBrE /stɑːt/ NAmE /stɑːrt/ noun ➤ beginning 开始🔑 [C , usually sing. ]the point at which sth begins 开头；开端◆ a perfect start to the day 那一天的美好开端◆ Things didn't look too hopeful at the start of the year . 在年初，情况显得并不十分乐观。◆ The meeting got off to a good /bad start (= started well /badly ). 会议有一个良好的/糟糕的开端。◆ The trip was a disaster from start to finish . 那次旅行从头到尾糟糕透顶。◆ We've had problems (right ) from the start .我们从（一）开始就遇到了困难。◆ (informal ) This could be the start of something big . 这或许是要有大事的苗头。🔑 [sing. ]the act or process of beginning sth 开始◆ I'll paint the ceiling if you make a start on the walls . 你要是动手刷墙，我就刷天花板吧。◆ I want to make an early start in the morning . 我想早上早点儿出发。◆ She's moving abroad to make a fresh start (= to begin a new life ). 她要移居国外，开始新的生活。 ➡ see also false start, kick-startnoun ➤ opportunity 机会🔑 [C , usually sing. ]the opportunity that you are given to begin sth in a successful way 起始优势；良好的基础条件◆ They worked hard to give their children a good start in life . 他们力争为孩子们的人生奠定一个良好的基础。◆ The job gave him his start in journalism . 那份工作是他加入新闻界的开始。➤ in race 比赛the start [sing. ]the place where a race begins 起点◆ The runners lined up at the start . 赛跑运动员在起跑线上一字排开。[C , usually sing. ]an amount of time or distance that sb has as an advantage over other people at the beginning of a race 起点优势（时间或距离）◆ She went into the second round with a five -minute start on the rest of the cyclists . 她进入第二轮，并取得比其他自行车选手提前五分钟出发的优势。◆ I gave the younger children a start . 我让年幼的孩子提前起跑。 ➡ see also head start[C , usually pl. ](sport体育) a race or competition that sb has taken part in （参加的）比赛◆ She has been beaten only once in six starts . 她参加了六次比赛，只败过一次。➤ sudden movement 突然一动[C , usually sing. ]an act of moving your body quickly and suddenly because you are surprised , afraid , etc .突然一惊◆ She woke from the dream with a start . 她猛地一惊，从梦中醒来。◆ You gave me quite a start ! 你吓了我一大跳！ ● for a ˈstart (informal ) used to emphasize the first of a list of reasons , opinions , etc .（强调一系列理由、意见等的第一条）首先◆ I'm not working there —for a start , it's too far to travel . 我不去那边干活儿。首先，路太远，去不了。● by /in ˌfits and ˈstarts frequently starting and stopping again ; not continuously 间歇地；一阵一阵地◆ Because of other commitments I can only write my book in fits and starts . 由于还承担着其他任务，我只能断断续续地写书。● get off to a ˌflying ˈstart ● get off to a ˈflyer to make a very good start ; to begin sth well 有很好的开端；有良好的起步；开门红 |
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