| 单词 | tough |
| 释义 | adjectivenounverb🔑 toughBrE /tʌf/ NAmE /tʌf/ adjective (tough·er , tough·est ) ➤ difficult 困难🔑 having or causing problems or difficulties 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的◆ a tough childhood 苦难的童年◆ It was a tough decision to make . 那是个很难作的决定。◆ She's been having a tough time of it (= a lot of problems )lately . 她最近的日子一直很难熬。◆ He faces the toughest test of his leadership so far . 他面临迄今为止对自己的领导工作最严峻的考验。◆ It can be tough trying to juggle a career and a family . 要事业家庭两不误，有时会很艰难。➤ strict /firm 严格；坚定🔑 demanding that particular rules be obeyed and showing a lack of sympathy for any problems or suffering that this may cause 严厉的；强硬的；无情的◆ ~ (on sb /sth )Don't be too tough on him —he was only trying to help . 别对他要求过高，他只是想帮忙。◆ ~ (with sb /sth )It's about time teachers started to get tough with bullies . 现在教师要对横行霸道的学生开始采取严厉措施了。◆ The school takes a tough line on (= punishes severely )cheating . 学校对作弊行为的惩罚很严厉。OPP soft➤ strong 强壮🔑 strong enough to deal successfully with difficult conditions or situations 坚强的；健壮的；能吃苦耐劳的；坚韧不拔的◆ a tough breed of cattle 耐劣等饲养条件的牛种◆ He's not tough enough for a career in sales . 他干推销这一行缺少足够的韧劲。◆ She's a tough cookie /customer (= sb who knows what they want and is not easily influenced by other people ). 她是个有主见的人。🔑 (of a person 人) physically strong and likely to be violent 彪悍的；粗暴的；粗野的◆ You think you're so tough , don't you ? 你以为自己够厉害的，是不是？◆ He plays the tough guy in the movie . 他在电影中扮演硬汉。➤ meat 肉🔑 difficult to cut or chew 难切开的；嚼不烂的；老的OPP tenderRestaurants餐馆Eating out去餐馆吃饭eat (lunch/dinner)/dine/meet at/in a restaurant在一家餐馆吃（午/晚）饭/进餐/碰面go (out)/take sb (out) for lunch/dinner/a meal去/带某人去（外面）吃午饭/吃晚饭/用餐have a meal with sb与某人一起吃饭make/have a reservation (in/under the name of Yamada)（以山田的名字）预订座位reserve/ (especiallyBrE ) book a table for six预订一张坐六人的桌子ask for/request a table for two/a table by the window要一张两人桌/靠窗的桌子In the restaurant在餐馆wait to be seated等待就座show sb to their table把某人引到桌旁sit in the corner/by the window/at the bar/at the counter坐在角落/窗边/吧台边/柜台边hand sb/give sb the menu/wine list把菜单/酒水单递给某人open/read/study/peruse the menu打开/看/仔细看菜单the restaurant has a three-course set menu/a children's menu/an extensive wine list这餐馆有一个三道菜的套餐/儿童菜单/丰富的酒水单taste/sample/try the wine品尝葡萄酒the waiter takes your order服务生帮你点餐order/choose/have the soup of the day/one of the specials/the house (BrE ) speciality/ (especiallyNAmE ) specialty点当日例汤/一道特色菜/餐馆特色菜serve/finish the first course/the starter/the main course/dessert/coffee端上/吃完第一道菜/开胃菜/主菜/甜点；端上/喝完咖啡complain about the food/the service/your meal抱怨食物/服务/饭菜不好enjoy your meal享用饭菜Paying结账pay/ask for (especiallyBrE ) the bill/ (NAmE ) the check付账；要求结账pay for/treat sb to dinner/lunch/the meal付晚饭/午饭/饭钱；请某人吃晚饭/午饭/饭service is (not) included不含服务费give sb/leave (sb) a tip给某人小费➤ not easily damaged 不易损坏not easily cut , broken , torn , etc .坚固的；不易切开（或打破、撕破等）的◆ a tough pair of shoes 一双结实的鞋子◆ The reptile's skin is tough and scaly . 这种爬行动物的皮肤坚韧并带有鳞片。➤ unfortunate 不幸~ (on sb )(informal ) unfortunate for sb in a way that seems unfair 不幸的；倒霉的◆ It was tough on her being dropped from the team like that . 她就这样被队里刷了下来，真是倒霉。◆ (ironic ) 'I can't get it finished in time .' 'Tough ! (= I don't feel sorry about it .)' “我无法按时完成。” “活该倒霉！”▸ tough·ly BrE /ˈtʌfli/ NAmE /ˈtʌfli/ adverb ▸ tough·ness BrE /ˈtʌfnəs/ NAmE /ˈtʌfnəs/ noun [U ] ● (as ) tough as old ˈboots ● (as ) tough as ˈnails (informal ) very strong and able to deal successfully with difficult conditions or situations 很强壮；坚韧不拔；雷打不动not feeling or showing any emotion 铁石心肠；不为所动Similes in idioms(as) bald as a coot,(as) blind as a bat,(as) bright as a button,(as) bold as brass,as busy as a bee,as clean as a whistle,(as) dead as athe dodo,(as) deaf as a post,(as) dull as ditchwater,(as) fit as a fiddle,as flat as a pancake,(as) good as gold,(as) mad as a hattera March hare,(as) miserableugly as sin,as old as the hills,(as) pleased as Punch,as pretty as a picture,(as) regular as clockwork,(as) quick as a flash,(as) safe as houses,(as) sound as a bell,(as) steady as a rock,(as) thick as two short planks,(as) tough as old boots● tough ˈluck (informal ) used to show sympathy for sth unfortunate that has happened to sb （表示同情）真不幸，真不走运◆ 'I failed by one point .' 'That's tough luck .' “我差一分没及格。” “运气真不好。”(ironic ) used to show that you do not feel sorry for sb who has a problem （表示并不同情）该你倒霉◆ 'If you take the car , I won't be able to go out .' 'Tough luck !' “如果你把车开走，我就出不去了。” “该你倒霉！”● a ˌhard /ˌtough act to ˈfollow a person who is so good or successful at sth that it will be difficult for anyone else coming after them to be as good or successful 令人望尘莫及的人● when the ˌgoing gets ˈtough (the ˌtough get ˈgoing )(saying ) when conditions or progress become difficult (strong and determined people work even harder to succeed )当条件变得艰苦时，当进展变得困难时（隐含有志者更勇往直前之意）● hang ˈtough (NAmE ) to be determined and refuse to change your attitude or ideas 立场坚定；态度坚决● a hard /tough ˈnut (informal ) a person who is difficult to deal with or to influence 难对付的人；难说服的人● a hard /tough ˈnut (to ˈcrack )a difficult problem or situation to deal with 棘手的问题；不好对付的情形● talk ˈtough (on sth )(informal , especiallyNAmE ) to tell people very strongly what you want 强硬地说；强烈地要求🔑 toughBrE /tʌf/ NAmE /tʌf/ noun (old-fashioned , informal ) a person who regularly uses violence against other people 粗暴的人；暴徒；恶棍🔑 toughBrE /tʌf/ NAmE /tʌf/ verb present simple - I / you / we / they tough BrE /tʌf/ NAmE /tʌf/ present simple - he / she / it toughs BrE /tʌfs/ NAmE /tʌfs/ past simple toughed BrE /tʌft/ NAmE /tʌft/ past participle toughed BrE /tʌft/ NAmE /tʌft/ -ing form toughing BrE /ˈtʌfɪŋ/ NAmE /ˈtʌfɪŋ/ ● ˌtough sth↔ˈout to stay firm and determined in a difficult situation 坚持；挨过◆ You're just going to have to tough it out . 你只好硬着头皮撑到底了。 |
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