| 单词 | condition |
| 释义 | nounverb🔑 con·di·tionBrE /kənˈdɪʃn/ NAmE /kənˈdɪʃn/ noun ➤ state of sth 事物的状态🔑 [U , sing. ]the state that sth is in 状态；状况◆ to be in bad /good /excellent condition 处于糟糕的/良好的/极佳的状态◆ a used car in perfect condition 车况完好的旧车condition / stateThe following adjectives are frequently used with these nouns.下列形容词常与这两个名词连用：~ condition~ stategoodpresentexcellentcurrentphysicalmentalpoorsolidhumannoperfectemotionalnophysicalbetternaturalState is a more general word than condition and is used for the condition that something is in at a particular time. It can be used without an adjective. * state 较 condition 通用，指特定时间的状况，可不加形容词：◆the present state of medical knowledge目前医学知识的状况◆We're worried about his mental state.我们担心他的精神状况。◆What a state this room is in(= very bad).这房间真糟糕。Condition is used with an adjective and refers especially to the appearance, quality or working order of somebody or something. * condition 与形容词连用，尤指人或事物的外观、品质或工作状况：◆The car is in excellent condition.这辆汽车的车况好极了。➤ medical 医学上🔑 [U , sing. ]the state of sb's health or how fit they are 健康状况◆ He is overweight and out of condition (= not physically fit ). 他体重超重，健康状况不佳。◆ You are in no condition (= too ill /sick , etc .)to go anywhere . 你的身体太差，哪儿都不宜去。◆ The motorcyclist was in a critical condition in hospital last night . 那位摩托车手昨晚在医院生命垂危。🔑 [C ]an illness or a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it （因不可能治愈而长期患有的）疾病◆ a medical condition 疾病◆ He suffers from a serious heart condition . 他患有严重的心脏病。acute , condition , health , medicine , outbreak , pain , recover , relapse , terminal , treatment diseaseillness ⬥ disorder ⬥ infection ⬥ condition ⬥ ailment ⬥ bugThese are all words for a medical problem.以上各词均表示健康问题。diseasea medical problem affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection常指人、动植物感染的病、疾病：◆He suffers from a rare blood disease.他患有一种罕见的血液病。illnessa medical problem, or a period of suffering from one指病、疾病或患病期：◆She died after a long illness.她久病不愈而亡。disease or illness?用 disease 还是 illness？Disease is used to talk about more severe physical medical problems, especially those that affect the organs. Illness is used to talk about both more severe and more minor medical problems, and those that affect mental health. * disease 指较严重的身体疾病，尤其是影响身体器官的疾病。illness 指重病或小病均可，也可指精神上的疾病：◆heart/kidney/liver illness◆mental diseaseDisease is not used about a period of illness. * disease 不指患病期：◆She died after a long disease.disorder(ratherformal ) an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly指失调、紊乱、不适、疾病：◆a rare disorder of the liver一种罕见的肝病NOTE A disorder is generally not infectious. Disorder is used most frequently with words relating to mental problems, for example psychiatric, personality, mental and eating. When it is used to talk about physical problems, it is most often used with blood, bowel and kidney, and these are commonly serious, severe or rare. * disorder 一般不传染，多与有关精神问题的词连用，如 psychiatric/personality/mental/eating disorder（精神错乱；人格障碍；精神紊乱；进食障碍）。谈到身体方面的问题常与下列词连用，如 blood/bowel/kidney disorder（血液病；肠道失调；肾脏疾病），这些疾病一般用 serious、severe 或 rare 等词修饰。infectionan illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body指由细菌或病毒引起的身体某部位的感染或传染疾病：◆a throat infection喉部感染conditiona medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it指因不可治愈而长期患有的疾病：◆a heart condition心脏病ailment(ratherformal ) an illness that is not very serious指轻病、小恙：◆childhood ailments儿童期小病bug(informal ) an infectious illness that is usually fairly mild指轻微的传染病、小病：◆a nasty flu bug严重的流感Patternsto have/suffer from a(n) disease/illness/disorder/infection/condition/ailment/bugto catch/contract/get/pick up a(n) disease/illness/infection/buganorexia , autism , bipolar disorder , condition , dementia , depression , mentally , paranoia , psychosis , schizophrenia ➤ circumstances 环境🔑 conditions [pl. ]the circumstances or situation in which people live , work or do things （居住、工作或做事情的）环境，境况，条件◆ living /housing /working conditions 生活/住房/工作条件◆ changing economic conditions 不断变化的经济状况◆ neglected children living under the most appalling conditions 生活在最恶劣环境下的无人关注的儿童◆ a strike to improve pay and conditions 要求提高工资和改善工作条件的罢工situationcircumstances ⬥ position ⬥ conditions ⬥ things ⬥ the case ⬥ state of affairsThese are all words for the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect the way things are.以上各词均指情况、状况。situation all the things that are happening at a particular time and in a particular place指情况、状况、形势、局面：◆the present economic situation目前的经济形势circumstances the facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action; the conditions of a person's life, especially the money they have指条件、环境、状况、境况，（尤指）经济状况：◆The ship sank in mysterious circumstances.那艘船神秘地沉没了。position the situation that sb is in, especially when it affects what they can and cannot do指处境、地位、状况：◆She felt she was in a position of power.她觉得她自己有权力。conditions the circumstances in which people live, work or do things; the physical situation that affects how sth happens指居住、工作或做事情的环境、境况、条件，影响某事发生的物质环境、状态、条件：◆We were forced to work outside in freezing conditions.我们被迫在户外天寒地冻的环境下工作。circumstances or conditions?用 circumstances 还是 conditions？Circumstances refers to sb's financial situation; conditions are things such as the quality and amount of food or shelter they have. The circumstances that affect an event are the facts surrounding it; the conditions that affect it are usually physical ones, such as the weather. * circumstances 指人的经济状况；conditions 指人的食宿等状况。circumstances 指影响某事的周边环境；conditions 通常指影响某事的物质环境，如天气。things(ratherinformal ) the general situation, as it affects sb指形势、局面、情况、事态：◆Hi, Jane! How are things?喂，简，近来怎么样？◆Think things over before you decide.先把情况考虑周全再作决定。the case the true situation指实情、事实：◆If that is the case(= if the situation described is true), we need more staff.如果真是那样，我们就需要更多的员工了。state of affairs a situation指事态、情况、形势：◆How did this unhappy state of affairs come about?这种不幸的情况是怎么发生的呢？situation or state of affairs?用 situation 还是 state of affairs？State of affairs is mostly used with this. It is also used with adjectives describing how good or bad a situation is, such as happy, sorry, shocking, sad and unhappy, as well as those relating to time, such as present and current. Situation is much more frequent and is used in a wider variety of contexts. * state of affairs 多与 this 连用，亦与表示形势好坏的形容词（如 happy、sorry、shocking、sad 和 unhappy）以及与时间有关的形容词（如 present 和 current）连用。situation 常用得多，且用于更广泛的语境中。Patternsin (a) particular situation/circumstances/position/state of affairsthe/sb's economic/financial/social situation/circumstances/position/conditions(a/an) happy/unhappy situation/circumstances/position/state of affairsto look at/review the situation/circumstances/conditions/things🔑 conditions [pl. ]the physical situation that affects how sth happens （影响某事发生的）物质环境，状态，条件◆ The plants grow best in cool , damp conditions . 这种植物最适合在阴凉、潮湿的环境下生长。◆ freezing /icy /humid , etc . conditions 冰冻、结冰、潮湿等的气候条件◆ Conditions are ideal (= the weather is very good )for sailing today . 今天是乘帆船航海的理想天气。◆ treacherous driving conditions 危险的行车环境➤ rule 规则🔑 [C ]a rule or decision that you must agree to , sometimes forming part of a contract or an official agreement 条件；条款；要件◆ the terms and conditions of employment 雇用的条款◆ The offer is subject to certain conditions . 此项优惠受制于某些条件。◆ They agreed to lend us the car on condition that (= only if )we returned it before the weekend . 他们同意借车给我们，条件是周末以前归还。◆ They will give us the money on one condition —that we pay it back within six months . 他们给我们提供资金有一个条件，即我们在六个月以内偿还。◆ (especiallyNAmE ) They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with promptly . 他们同意了，前提是要迅速处理这件事。◆ Congress can impose strict conditions on the bank . 国会可能会迫使这家银行接受苛刻的条件。◆ They have agreed to the ceasefire provided their conditions are met . 他们已经同意停火，只要他们提出的条件得到满足。➤ necessary situation 必要的条件🔑 [C ]a situation that must exist in order for sth else to happen （先决）条件；前提◆ a necessary condition for economic growth 经济增长的必要条件◆ A good training programme is one of the conditions for successful industry . 良好的培训计划是企业成功的先决条件。➤ state of group 群体状况[sing. ](formal ) the state of a particular group of people because of their situation in life , their problems , etc .（某群体的）生存状态，处境◆ He spoke angrily about the condition of the urban poor . 他愤怒地谈论城市贫民的处境。◆ Work is basic to the human condition (= the fact of being alive ). 劳动是人类生存的基本条件。 ● on ˈno condition (US alsounder ˈno condition ) (formal ) not in any situation ; never 无论如何都不；决不◆ You must on no condition tell them what happened . 你决不能告诉他们所发生的事。● in mint conˈdition new or as good as new ; in perfect condition 崭新；完美；完好无缺🔑 con·di·tionBrE /kənˈdɪʃn/ NAmE /kənˈdɪʃn/ verb present simple - I / you / we / they condition BrE /kənˈdɪʃn/ NAmE /kənˈdɪʃn/ present simple - he / she / it conditions BrE /kənˈdɪʃnz/ NAmE /kənˈdɪʃnz/ past simple conditioned BrE /kənˈdɪʃnd/ NAmE /kənˈdɪʃnd/ past participle conditioned BrE /kənˈdɪʃnd/ NAmE /kənˈdɪʃnd/ -ing form conditioning BrE /kənˈdɪʃnɪŋ/ NAmE /kənˈdɪʃnɪŋ/ [usually passive ]to train sb /sth to behave in a particular way or to become used to a particular situation 训练；使习惯于；使适应◆ ~sb /sth (to sth )the difference between inborn and conditioned reflexes (= reactions that are learned /not natural )先天反应与条件反射的差异◆ Patients can become conditioned to particular forms of treatment . 病人会习惯某些治疗方式。◆ ~sb /sth to do sth The rats had been conditioned to ring a bell when they wanted food . 这些老鼠已经过训练，想吃食物时就会按铃。~sb /sth to have an important effect on sb /sth ; to influence the way that sth happens 对…具有重要影响；影响（某事发生的方式）◆ Gender roles are often conditioned by cultural factors . 文化因素常常对性别的角色有着重要的影响。~sth to keep sth such as your hair or skin healthy 保持（头发或皮肤等的）健康；养护◆ a shampoo that cleans and conditions hair 可清洁并养护头发的洗发剂◆ a polish for conditioning leather 皮革护理油 |
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