| 单词 | cost |
| 释义 | nounverb🔑 costBrE /kɒst/ NAmE /kɔːst/ noun 🔑 [C , U ]the amount of money that you need in order to buy , make or do sth 费用；花费；价钱◆ the high /low cost of housing 住宅的高昂/低廉费用◆ A new computer system has been installed at a cost of £80 000 . 新的计算机系统已安装，费用为 8 万英镑。◆ The plan had to be abandoned on grounds of cost . 由于经费的原因此项计划被迫放弃。◆ We did not even make enough money to cover the cost of the food . 我们挣的钱甚至无法糊口。◆ Consumers will have to bear the full cost of these pay increases . 消费者将不得不承担增加工资所需的全部费用。◆ The total cost to you (= the amount you have to pay )is £3 000 . 你总共要支付 3 000 英镑。pricecost ⬥ value ⬥ expense ⬥ worthThese words all refer to the amount of money that you have to pay for sth.以上各词均指价值、价钱。price the amount of money that you have to pay for an item or service指商品或服务的价格、价钱：◆house prices房屋价格◆How much are these? They don't have a price on them.这些东西卖多少钱？它们都没有标价。◆I can't afford it at that price.这样的价格我付不起。cost the amount of money that you need in order to buy, make or do sth指购买、制造某物或做某事所需的成本、费用、花费：◆A new computer system has been installed at a cost of £80 000.新的计算机系统已安装，费用为 8 万英镑。value how much sth is worth in money or other goods for which it can be exchanged指价值：◆The winner will receive a prize to the value of £1 000.获胜者将得到价值为 1 000 英镑的奖品。NOTEEspecially in British English, value can also mean how much sth is worth compared with its price.尤其在英式英语中，value 亦表示划算程度：◆This restaurant is excellent value(= is worth the money it costs).这家餐馆很合算。price, cost or value?用 price、cost 还是 value？The price is what sb asks you to pay for an item or service. * price 指商品或服务的要价：◆to ask/charge a high price要价高；收费高◆to ask/charge a high cost/valueObtaining or achieving sth may have a cost; the value of sth is how much other people would be willing to pay for it. * cost 指获取某物或达到某目的所需的费用；value 指别人愿意为某物付出的价值：◆house prices房屋价格◆the cost of moving house搬家费用◆The house now has a market value of one million pounds.这栋房子目前的市场价值为 100 万英镑。expense the money that you spend on sth; sth that makes you spend money指所花费用、花钱的东西、开销：◆The garden was transformed at great expense.花园改建花了一大笔费用。◆Running a car is a big expense.养一辆车开销很大。worth the financial value of sb/sth指人或物的价值：◆He has a personal net worth of $10 million.他有价值 1 000 万美元的个人净资产。NOTE Worth is more often used to mean the practical or moral value of sth. * worth 较常用以指某事物的实际作用或道德意义。Patternsthe high price/cost/valuethe real/true price/cost/value/worthto put/set a price/value on sthto increase/reduce the price/cost/value/expenseto raise/double/lower the price/cost/valueto cut the price/cost🔑 costs [pl. ]the total amount of money that needs to be spent by a business 成本◆ The use of cheap labour helped to keep costs down . 使用廉价劳动力有助于降低成本。◆ to cut /reduce costs 降低成本◆ running /operating /labour costs 营运/经营/人工成本◆ We have had to raise our prices because of rising costs . 因为成本不断上涨，我们不得不提高价格。costsspending ⬥ expenditure ⬥ expenses ⬥ overheads ⬥ outlayThese are all words for money spent by a government, an organization or a person.以上各词均指政府、机构或个人的开支、支出、花费。coststhe total amount of money that needs to be spent by a business指成本：◆labour/production costs人工/生产成本◆rising costs正在上涨的成本spendingthe amount of money that is spent, especially by a government or an organization尤指政府或机构的开支、支出、花销：◆public spending公共开支◆More spending on health was promised.已承诺增加医疗开支。expenditure(ratherformal ) an amount of money spent by a government, an organization or a person指政府、机构或个人的开支、支出、花费：◆expenditure on education教育支出expensesmoney that has to be spent by a person or an organization; money that you spend while you are working which your employer will pay back to you later指个人或机构必需的开支、花费或报销的费用：◆legal expenses律师费◆travel expenses差旅费overhead(s)the regular costs of running a business or an organization, such as rent, electricity and wages指经费、运营费用、经常性开支：◆High overheads mean small profit margins.经费开销大意味着利润低。outlaythe money that you have to spend in order to start a new business or project, or in order to save yourself money or time later指启动新业务或项目所必要的开支、费用或为了节省后期投入而使用的经费：◆The best equipment is costly but is well worth the outlay.最好的设备花费大，但这种开支很值得。Patternsspending/expenditure/outlay on sthhigh/low costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/overheadstotal costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/overheads/outlaycapital costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/outlayhousehold costs/spending/expenditure/expensesgovernment/public/education/health costs/spending/expenditureto increase/reduce costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/overheads/the outlayBusiness商业Running a business经营企业buy/acquire/own/sell a company/firm/franchise 收购/获得/拥有/出售公司/商行/特许经销权set up/establish/start/start up/launch a business/company创办企业/公司run/operate a business/company/franchise经营企业/公司/专卖店head/run a firm/department/team管理公司/部门/团队make/secure/win/block a deal达成/阻止一笔交易expand/grow/build the business扩展业务boost/increase investment/spending/sales/turnover/earnings/exports/trade增加投资/支出/销售量/营业额/收入/出口/贸易increase/expand production/output/sales增加产量/输出量/销售量boost/maximize production/productivity/efficiency/income/revenue/profit/profitability使产量/生产力/效率/收入/收益/利润/收益增加/最大化achieve/maintain/sustain growth/profitability实现/维持/保持增长/收益cut/reduce/bring down/lower/slash costs/prices削减成本/价格announce/impose/make cuts/cutbacks宣布/强制实行/实施削减Sales and marketing销售和市场营销break into/enter/capture/dominate the market打入/进入/占领/控制市场gain/grab/take/win/boost/lose market share取得/夺取/得到/赢得/增加/丢失市场份额find/build/create a market for sth为某物找到/建立/开创市场start/launch an advertising/a marketing campaign发起广告/营销宣传活动develop/launch/promote a product/website开发/推出/推销产品/网站create/generate demand for your product为产品创造需求attract/get/retain/help customers/clients吸引/赢得/留住/帮助顾客/客户drive/generate/boost/increase demand/sales刺激/创造/提高/增加需求/销售量beat/keep ahead of/out-think/outperform the competition打败/领先于/智胜/胜过竞争对手meet/reach/exceed/miss sales targets完成/达到/超过/未达到销售目标Finance财务draw up/set/present/agree/approve a budget起草/制订/提出/批准预算keep to/balance/cut/reduce/slash the budget执行/平衡/削减/大幅削减预算be/come in below/under/over/within budget未超出/超出预算；在预算之内generate income/revenue/profit/funds/business产生收益/利润/资金/营业额fund/finance a campaign/a venture/an expansion/spending/a deficit为活动/商业项目/扩张/开支/赤字提供资金provide/raise/allocate capital/funds提供/筹集/分配资金attract/encourage investment/investors吸引/鼓励投资/投资者recover/recoup costs/losses/an investment收回成本/亏损/投资get/obtain/offer sb/grant sb credit/a loan获得/为某人提供/准予某人贷款apply for/raise/secure/arrange/provide finance申请/筹集/获得/安排/提供资金Failure失败；不成功lose business/trade/customers/sales/revenue失去生意/买卖/顾客/销量/收益accumulate/accrue/incur/run up debts累积/积累/招致/积欠债务suffer/sustain enormous/heavy/serious losses蒙受惨重损失face cuts/a deficit/redundancy/bankruptcy面临削减/赤字/裁员/破产file for/ (NAmE ) enter/avoid/escape bankruptcy申请/避免/幸免破产(BrE ) go into administration/liquidation进入行政接管/清算liquidate/wind up a company清算/关闭公司survive/weather a recession/downturn艰难渡过萧条期/衰退期propose/seek/block/oppose a merger提出/寻求/阻止/反对合并launch/make/accept/defeat a takeover bid发起/进行/接受/阻止收购投标🔑 [U , sing. ]the effort , loss or damage that is involved in order to do or achieve sth （为做某事涉及的）努力，代价，损失◆ the terrible cost of the war in death and suffering 这场战争造成的死亡与苦难的惨重代价◆ the environmental cost of nuclear power 核动力对环境的破坏◆ She saved him from the fire but at the cost of her own life (= she died ). 她从火中把他救了出来，却牺牲了自己的生命。◆ He worked non -stop for three months , at considerable cost to his health . 他连续不断地工作了三个月，大大损害了自己的身体健康。◆ I felt a need to please people , whatever the cost in time and energy . 我感到一定要使人们满意，耗费多少时间和精力都在所不惜。costs (NAmE alsoˈcourt costs ) [pl. ]the sum of money that sb is ordered to pay for lawyers , etc . in a legal case 诉讼费用◆ He was ordered to pay £2 000 costs . 他被责令缴纳 2 000 英镑诉讼费。 ● at ˈall cost /costs whatever is needed to achieve sth 不惜任何代价◆ You must stop the press from finding out at all costs . 你必须不惜一切代价阻止媒体查明真相。● at ˈany cost under any circumstances 在任何情况下；无论如何◆ He is determined to win at any cost . 他决心无论如何要争取胜利。● at ˈcost for only the amount of money that is needed to make or get sth , without any profit being added on 按成本；按成本价格◆ goods sold at cost 按成本价销售的商品● know /learn /find sth to your ˈcost to know sth because of sth unpleasant that has happened to you 付出过代价（或吃了苦头）才知道◆ He's a ruthless businessman , as I know to my cost . 我吃了苦头后才知道他是个无情的商人。● count the cost (of sth )to feel the bad effects of a mistake , an accident , etc .感受（错误、事故等造成的）不利后果◆ The town is now counting the cost of its failure to provide adequate flood protection . 这个镇未采取充分的防洪措施，现在尝到苦头了。🔑 costBrE /kɒst/ NAmE /kɔːst/ verb present simple - I / you / we / they cost BrE /kɒst/ NAmE /kɔːst/ present simple - he / she / it costs BrE /kɒsts/ NAmE /kɔːsts/ past simple cost BrE /kɒst/ NAmE /kɔːst/ past participle cost BrE /kɒst/ NAmE /kɔːst/ -ing form costing BrE /ˈkɒstɪŋ/ NAmE /ˈkɔːstɪŋ/ HELPIn sense 4 costed BrE /ˈkɒstɪd/ NAmE /ˈkɔːstɪd/ is used for the past tense and past participle .作第 4 义时过去式和过去分词用 costed。🔑 if sth costs a particular amount of money , you need to pay that amount in order to buy , make or do it 需付费；价钱为◆ ~sth How much did it cost ? 这东西要多少钱？◆ I didn't get it because it cost too much . 因为那东西太昂贵我没买。◆ Tickets cost ten dollars each . 每张票价为十美元。◆ Calls to the helpline cost 38p per minute . 打服务热线每分钟为 38 便士。◆ Don't use too much of it —it cost a lot of money . 这东西很贵，不要用得太多。◆ All these reforms will cost money (= be expensive ). 所有这些改革都要花很多钱。◆ Good food need not cost a fortune (= cost a lot of money ). 好食物不一定要花很多的钱。◆ ~sb sth The meal cost us about £40 . 这顿饭花了我们约 40 英镑。◆ This is costing the taxpayer £10 billion a year . 这要花费纳税人每年 100 亿英镑。◆ ~sth to do sth The hospital will cost an estimated £2 billion to build . 修建这座医院估计要耗费 20 亿英镑。◆ It costs a fortune to fly first class . 乘坐飞机头等舱要花一大笔钱。🔑 to cause the loss of sth 使丧失；使损失◆ ~sb sth That one mistake almost cost him his life . 那一个差错几乎使他丧命。◆ A late penalty cost United the game (= meant that they did not win the game ). 临近终场点球得分使得联队输掉那场比赛。◆ ~sth The closure of the factory is likely to cost 1 000 jobs . 那家工厂一关闭，很可能 1 000 个工作岗位就没有了。~sb sth to involve you in making an effort or doing sth unpleasant 使付出努力；使做不愉快的事◆ The accident cost me a visit to the doctor . 那事故害得我去看了一趟医生。◆ Financial worries cost her many sleepless nights . 她为钱发愁，许多夜晚无法入睡。Verbs with two objectsbet,bring,build,buy,cost,get,give,leave,lend,make,offer,owe,pass,pay,play,post,promise,read,refuse,sell,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,throw,wish,write[usually passive ]to estimate how much money will be needed for sth or the price that should be charged for sth 估算成本；估价◆ ~sth The project needs to be costed in detail . 这项工程需要作详细的成本估算。◆ Their accountants have costed the project at $8 .1 million . 他们的会计师估算此项工程成本为 810 万美元。◆ ~sth out Have you costed out these proposals yet ? 你估算过这些提案所涉及的费用吗？ ➡ see also costing ● cost sb ˈdear to make sb suffer a lot 使饱尝苦头；使付出沉重的代价◆ That one mistake has cost him dear over the years . 那一个差错使他多年来付出了沉重的代价。● it will ˈcost you (informal ) used to say that sth will be expensive 贵得很；要花很多钱◆ There is a deluxe model available , but it'll cost you . 有豪华型的，但贵得很。● cost /pay an ˌarm and a ˈleg (informal ) to cost /pay a lot of money （使）花一大笔钱 |
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